燃煤电厂烟塔合一排烟风洞试验与数值模拟对比分析

近年来,燃煤电厂烟塔合一烟气排烟对近距离环境影响的不确定性,使其在国内的推广过程受到一定限制。准确判断烟塔合一排烟的环境影响,对于我国现有燃煤电厂烟气污染物的排放有着巨大的工程价值和明显的现实意义。利用国家环境保护某重点实验室中风洞试验平台,对燃煤电厂烟塔合一烟气污染物在近距离的扩散和传输行为,进行物理风洞试验以及数值模拟计算,并进行对比分析。结果表明:德国Austal2000模式的浓度预测并不精确;数值风洞也有其差异性,而物理风洞的结果在很大程度上符合现有的理论及国内工程实际。     

Dietary exposure to di-isobutyl phthalate increases urinary 5-methyl-2′-deoxycytidine level and affects reproductive function in adult male mice

Phthalates are a large family of ubiquitous environmental pollutants suspected of being endocrine disruptors. Epidemiological studies have associated phthalate metabolites with decreased reproductive parameters and linked phthalate exposure with the level of urinary 5-methyl-2′-deoxycytidine(5mdC, a product of methylated DNA). In this study, adult male mice were exposed to 450 mg di-isobutyl phthalate(DiBP)/(kg·day) via dietary exposure for 28 days. Mono-isobutyl phthalate(Mi BP, the urinary metabolite) and reproductive function parameters were determined. The levels of 5mdC and 5-hydroxymethyl-2′-deoxycytidine(5hmdC) were measured in urine to evaluate if their contents were also altered by DiBP exposure in this animal model. Results showed that DiBP exposure led to a significant increase in the urinary 5mdC level and significant decreases in sperm concentration and motility in the epididymis, accompanied with reduced testosterone levels and downregulation of the P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme(P450scc) gene in the mice testes. Our findings indicated that exposure to DiBP increased the urinary 5mdC levels,which supported our recent epidemiological study about the associations of urinary 5mdC with phthalate exposure in the male human population. In addition, DiBP exposure impaired male reproductive function, possibly by disturbing testosterone levels; P450scc might be a major steroidogenic enzyme targeted by DiBP or other phthalates.     

Distribution characteristics of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in the Yangtze River Delta

In this work, a method was developed and optimized for the analysis of polyfluoroalkyl and/or perfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs) content in surface water and sediment samples with high instrumental response and good separation. Surface water and sediment samples were collected from the Yangtze River Delta(YRD) to analyze the distribution characteristics of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids(PFCAs), perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids(PFSAs), perfluoroalkyl phosphonic acids(PFPAs), perfluoroalkyl phosphinic acids(PFPiAs), and polyfluoroalkyl phosphoric acid diesters(di PAPs). The results showed that the total concentrations of PFCAs and PFSAs in YRD varied from 31 to 902 ng/L. PFCAs(≥ 11 carbons) and PFSAs(≥ 10 carbons atoms) were not detected in any surface water samples. The mean concentrations of all PFCAs and PFSAs in surface water from the sampling areas decreased in the following order:Yangtze river(191 ng/L) ≈ Taihu lake(189 ng/L) Huangpu river(122 ng/L) ≈ Qiantang river(120 ng/L) Jiaxing urban river(100 ng/L). Strong significant(p 0.05) correlations between the concentrations of many of the compounds were found in the sampling areas, suggesting a common source for these compounds. Only perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA) was observed in all sediment samples, at concentrations varying from 0.02 to 1.35 ng/g. Finally, detection rates of two di PAPs were only 8% and 10%, respectively and the concentration of di PAPs was two to three times lower compared to PFCAs and PFSAs.     

ABR发酵系统运行特性及产氢效能研究

为解决连续流搅拌槽式反应器(CSTR)发酵制氢系统存在的不足,如单位基质氢气转化率低、因搅拌带来的耗能,抗负荷冲击能力不强等问题,开展了厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)发酵产氢的研究.结果表明,在35℃和进水COD 5000mg/L等条件下,ABR系统可在26d达到乙醇型发酵,其比产氢速率为0.13L/(gMLVSS·d),而在同样条件下, CSTR达到乙醇型发酵后,比产氢速率仅为0.06L/(gMLVSS·d).ABR通过生物相的分离,使产氢系统梯级利用有机物并达到深度产氢的目的.与CSTR相比,ABR具有较高的产氢活性、较低能源消耗等优点,是一种较为理想的有机废水发酵制氢反应设备.     

基于灰色模型和神经网络的铝合金腐蚀预测对比

采用NaCl溶液对铝合金试验件进行预腐蚀试验,产生腐蚀坑,获取了不同腐蚀时间下的腐蚀数据,然后进行疲劳加载试验。分别利用灰色模型和BP神经网络建立了腐蚀深度及疲劳寿命与腐蚀时间相关性的预测模型,对两种预测模型的精度进行了对比。研究发现,在缺乏足够统计数据的情况下灰色模型预测精度优于神经网络算法。     

天津市＂十二五＂大气污染联防联控规划分析解读研究

天津市作为京津冀地区重要城市之一,经济迅速发展,环境空气质量保持稳定形势不容乐观。研究分析了‘‘十一五”期间天津市大气污染防治工作进展和环境空气质量变化趋势,探讨了未来天津市经济持续发展带来的能源消耗、机动车保有量及施工面积等的增加与大气复合污染防治面临的压力与挑战,提出了“十二五”期间大气污染防治对策与建议,重点涉及控煤、控尘、控车、加强保障等方面,为促进天津市经济可持续发展、持续改善环境空气质量起到指导作用。     

石化管道储运员工心理评估结果分析

目的:了解石油管道储运员工的心理健康现状,建立管道储运员工症状自评量表(SCL-90)的群体常模。方法:运用整群抽样方法和症状自评量表(SCL-90)对5544名中国石化管道储运公司员工进行心理健康状况调查,将SCL-90结果与中国常模比较。结果:本次调查心理健康状况好3947人,占71.2%;心理健康状况良好1299人,占23.4%;心理健康状况一般238人,占4.3%;心理健康状况异常60人,占1.1%;石化管道储运员工在躯体化、焦虑、精神病性、阳性项目数均分显著高于全国常模;人际关系、敌对、偏执和精神病性因子均分男性显著高于女性,恐怖因子均分女性显著高于男性;35岁及以上组的躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、精神病性以及阳性项目数的因子均分均高于35岁以下组;大专组和高中及以下组各项因子均分均显著高于本科及以上组。结论:管道储运员工心理健康状况低于一般人群。年龄相对较大以及学历相对较低员工的心理健康状况是企业关注的重点。     

燃煤电厂建设期环境监理重点内容探讨

相比项目建设前期及竣工环境保护验收两个阶段而言,在整个环境管理体系中,施工阶段的环境管理尚没有成行的核心保障。文章以江苏淮阴发电有限公司300MW机组的环境监理工作为案例,从设计阶段环境监理、施工阶段环境监理、试生产阶段环境监理等方面,对燃煤电厂环境监理的具体实践工作进行总结并探讨。     

珠江流域水污染现状与主要问题成因分析

对珠江流域在云南省境内的主要河流的水环境现状进行了分析,对主要污染物排放量、入河量进行了测算,对污染物的来源构成、空间分布及其特征进行了分析,在此基础上对主要环境问题进行系统地识别,分析造成水体污染的原因。     

深圳湾海域沉积物中酸可挥发性硫化物与重金属生态风险评价

测定了深圳湾海域10个站点表层沉积物中的AVS、TOC和同步浸提重金属(SEM)的含量,对AVS、SEM的平面分布及AVS与SEM和TOC的相互关系进行了分析。结果表明:深圳湾海域表层沉积物AVS含量范围为0.06～7.41μmol/g,平均值为2.51μmol/g;SEM含量范围为0.71～5.15μmol/g,平均值为3.06μmol/g;AVS与SEM的平面分布较一致,呈从湾顶到湾中向湾外逐渐递减的明显趋势。调查海域AVS与SEM和TOC间具有良好的线性相关性,大多数站点∑SEM-AVS的差值均0<(∑SEM-AVS)<5,说明该海域可能存在重金属的中等毒性生态风险。